WO 2013059833 A1
Abstract
Information is communicated to an individual by directing an acoustic signal transcranially to a target region in the brain. The target region is stimulated to produce a cognitive effect, and the cognitive effect is modulated or encoded to carry the desired information.
1. A method for communicating information to an individual, said method comprising: directing acoustic energy to the individual's brain through the individual's cranium to produce a cognitive effect; and
modulating the acoustic energy to encode information which is perceptible to the individual through variations in the cognitive effect.
2. The method of Claim 1, wherein the acoustic energy is directed at a target region in the brain to cause a selected cognitive effect.
3. The method of Claim 2, wherein the target region and cognitive effect are selected from the group consisting of:
Cognitive effect Target region
Perception of touch Somatosensory cortex
Auditory perception Auditory cortex
Vestibular perception Temporal-parietal junction, central sulcus, intraparietal sulcus, and insular cortex
Visual perception Primary and extrastriate visual cortex
Olfactory perception Piriform cortex
Language comprehension Wernicke's area
Language production Broca's area
Long-term memory Hippocampus and parahippocampal formation
(and connected portions of cortex, e.g.
entorhinal cortex and perirhinal cortex)
Modulation of pain processing Rostral anterior cingulate cortex Emotion Limbic system (e.g. amygdala)
Motor control and movements Primary and supplementary motor cortex;
thalamus; cerebellum; basal ganglia; substantia nigra
Attention Gamma rhythms
Relaxation Alpha rhythms
Empathy, social interaction Brainstem nuclei, hypothalamus, amygdala, anterior cingulated cortex, prefrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and other brain regions involved in oxytocin and arginine vasopressin function
Mirth and laughter Inferior temporal gyrus, cingulated gyrus, Cognitive effect Target region
subthalamic nucleus
Fear Amygdala, insular cortex, internal capsule, nucleus accumbens, and anterior temporal gyrus
Physiological arousal, sleep state Various brainstem nuclei
Modulation of risk taking Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ......
| Publication number | WO2013059833 A1 |
| Application number | PCT/US2012/061396 |
| Publication date | Apr 25, 2013 |
| Filing date | Oct 22, 2012 |
| Priority date | Oct 21, 2011 |
| Also published as | EP2768385A1, US20140211593
|
| Publication number | PCT/2012/61396, PCT/US/12/061396, PCT/US/12/61396, PCT/US/2012/061396, PCT/US/2012/61396, PCT/US12/061396, PCT/US12/61396, PCT/US12061396, PCT/US1261396, PCT/US2012/061396, PCT/US2012/61396, PCT/US2012061396, PCT/US201261396, WO 2013/059833 A1, WO 2013059833 A1, WO 2013059833A1, WO-A1-2013059833, WO2013/059833A1, WO2013059833 A1, WO2013059833A1 |
| Inventors | William J. TYLER, Isy Goldwasser, Robert Muratore, Sumon PAL, Tomo Sato, Daniel Z. WETMORE, |
| Applicant | Neurotrek, Inc. |
......
Modulation of pain processing Rostral anterior cingulate cortex Emotion Limbic system (e.g. amygdala)
Motor control and movements Primary and supplementary motor cortex;
thalamus; cerebellum; basal ganglia; substantia nigra
Attention Gamma rhythms
Relaxation Alpha rhythms
Empathy, social interaction Brainstem nuclei, hypothalamus, amygdala, anterior cingulated cortex, prefrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and other brain regions involved in oxytocin and arginine vasopressin function
Mirth and laughter Inferior temporal gyrus, cingulated gyrus, Cognitive effect Target region
subthalamic nucleus
Fear Amygdala, insular cortex, internal capsule, nucleus accumbens, and anterior temporal gyrus
Physiological arousal, sleep state Various brainstem nuclei
Modulation of risk taking Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
4. The method of Claim 3, wherein modulating comprises at least one of:
(a) controlling the duration of the cognitive effect which is perceived by the individual;
(b) generating a series of off and on pulses of the cognitive effect which are perceived as a code by the individual
(c) directing the ultrasonic energy to different target regions to produce a perceptible pattern of different cognitive effects; and
(d) controlling the intensity of the cognitive effect in a perceptible pattern.
5. The method of Claim 1, wherein the acoustic energy has a frequency in a range between 100 kHz and 10 MHz.
6. The method of Claim 1 wherein the acoustic energy has a spatial-peak, temporal- average intensity in brain tissue in a range from 0.0001 mW/cm2 to 1 W/cm2.
7. The method of Claim 6, wherein the spatial-peak, temporal-average intensity in brain tissue is modulated to encode the information.
8. The method of Claim 1, wherein the heating of brain tissue at the target location is no more than 2 degrees Celsius for no more than 5 seconds.
9. The method of Claim 1, wherein the pulse length in a range between 0.5 microsecond and 5 seconds.
10. The method of Claim 9, wherein the pulse length is modulated.
11. The method of Claim 1 , wherein the pulse repetition frequency is in a range between 50 Hz and 25 kHz.
12. A system for communicating information to an individual, said system comprising: means for directing acoustic energy to the individual's brain through the individual's cranium to produce a cognitive effect; and means for modulating the acoustic energy to encode information which is perceptible to the individual through variations in the cognitive effect.
13. The system of Claim 12, wherein the acoustic energy is directed at a target region in the brain to cause a selected cognitive effect.
14. The system as of Claim 13, wherein the target region and cognitive effect are selected from the group consisting of:
Cognitive effect Target region
Perception of touch Somatosensory cortex
Auditory perception Auditory cortex
Vestibular perception Temporal-parietal junction, central sulcus, intraparietal sulcus, and insular cortex
Visual perception Primary and extrastriate visual cortex
Olfactory perception Piriform cortex
Language comprehension Wernicke's area
Language production Broca's area
Long-term memory Hippocampus and parahippocampal formation
(and connected portions of cortex, e.g.
entorhinal cortex and perirhinal cortex)
Modulation of pain processing Rostral anterior cingulate cortex Emotion Limbic system (e.g. amygdala)
Motor control and movements Primary and supplementary motor cortex;
thalamus; cerebellum; basal ganglia; substantia nigra
Attention Gamma rhythms
Relaxation Alpha rhythms
Empathy, social interaction Brainstem nuclei, hypothalamus, amygdala, anterior cingulated cortex, prefrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and other brain regions involved in oxytocin and arginine vasopressin function
Mirth and laughter Inferior temporal gyrus, cingulated gyrus, subthalamic nucleus
Fear Amygdala, insular cortex, internal capsule, nucleus accumbens, and anterior temporal gyrus
Physiological arousal, sleep state Various brainstem nuclei Cognitive effect Target region
Modulation of risk taking Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
15. The system of Claim 14, wherein modulating comprises at least one of:
(a) controlling the duration of the cognitive effect which is perceived by the individual;
(b) generating a series of off and on pulses of the cognitive effect which are perceived as a code by the individual;
(c) directing the ultrasonic energy to different target regions to produce a perceptible pattern of different cognitive effects; and
(d) controlling the intensity of the cognitive effect in a perceptible pattern.
16. The system of Claim 12, wherein the acoustic energy has a frequency in a range between about 100 kHZ and about 10 MHz.
17. The system of Claim 12, wherein the acoustic energy has a spatial-peak, temporal- average intensity in brain tissue in a range from 0.0001 mW/cm2 to 1 W/cm2.
18. The system of Claim 17, wherein the spatial-peak, temporal-average intensity in brain tissue is modulated to encode the information.
19. The system of Claim 12, wherein the heating of brain tissue at the target location is no more than 2 degrees Celsius for no more than 5 seconds.
20. The system of Claim 12, wherein the pulse length is in a range between 0.5 microsecond and 5 seconds.
21. The system of Claim 20, wherein the pulse length is modulated during the bioTU protocol.
22. The system of Claim 12, wherein the pulse repetition frequency is in a range between 50 Hz and 25 kHz.
23. The method of claim 1 whereby the communication protocol specifies one or more of the acoustic frequency, duration, intensity, pulse repetition frequency, number of cycles, or duty cycle of the ultrasound wave.
24. The system for communicating whereby an instruction, message, emotion, feeling, experience, or alteration in cognitive state is delivered to the recipient by one or more methods for brain stimulation chosen from bioTU, transcranial magnetic stimulation, deep brain stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial alternating current stimulation, transcranial electric stimulation, one electrode or an array of electrodes implanted on the surface of the brain or dura, and light activation of specially engineered proteins for neuromodulation known as optogenetics.
25. The method of claim 20, whereby one or more brain targets are specified and targeted for brain stimulation as part of the communication protocol.
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DIRECT COMMUNICATION
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of provisional application 61/550,334 (Attorney Docket No. 42043-703.101), filed on October 21, 2011, the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention. The present invention relates to devices and methods for communication achieved by neuromodulation via transcranial ultrasound. In various embodiments, messages are sent between one or more individuals, computerized devices, or animals to communicate instructions, words, concepts, cognitive states, emotions, experiences, sensory stimuli, or other forms of conscious or sub-conscious experience.
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