Recording Neural Activity with Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Jonathan  Rivnay1, Pierre  Leleux1, Michele  Sessolo1, Dion  Khodagholy1, George  Malliaras1.

1,  Dept. of Bioelectronics, Centre Microelectronique de Provence (CMP-EMSE), Gardanne, France.

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have been targeted for a variety of in vitro and in vivo diagnostic applications owing largely to their efficient transduction of ionic to electronic signals. In these devices, the transistor drain current is modulated by de-doping of the PEDOT:PSS {poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate)} channel due to local variations of ion flux induced by, for example, neural activity. Owing to the efficient ion mobility and high capacitance in hydrated PEDOT:PSS, we are able to fabricate devices with high intrinsic amplification (transconductance), and when scaled to micron dimensions, broad-band response up to 10 kHz. Along with facile and robust/conformal fabrication schemes, these devices show great promise for a number of neuroscience applications. By studying film morphology and by systematically varying OECT device geometry, we develop a fundamental understanding of device operation and establish design rules for practical implementation of OECTs in vitro and in vivo, for both research and clinical applications. Considering the recording capabilities of common measurement techniques, and the nature (amplitude, frequency) of neural signals for various applications depending on the desired or required content of neural signals.

2011-K.overheard the faggot telling some old queen at the bar some nonsense about The Towers.
Why,K.thought didn't
these fags go to their own little faggot bars that all but infected west Hollywood instead of coming to
"Arnie's Greenery"where NORMAL PEOPLE could drink "like men"
...

The faggot was talking loud ,as faggots do.
Faggots ,K. thought loved bringing attention to themselves.
As if,K..thought their Deviant Aberrant natures weren't obvious enough.
according to Neuronautic's and Gary Rainy's "Inway to the Enway"
(The ORIGINAL version of "Enways
and the ORIGINAL version of Neuronautics
that now allowed  ABBERANTS"in the club")
Fags,according to Gary Rainy were a minus 7 on the Evolutionary Scale-
and hearing this c*cksucker talk
K. decided to make that a Minus 12,as the fag was going on about 9/11
and how he didn't understand why the "people in charge" didn't blame "it" on some Timothy McVeigh type
so THEY
wouldn't have gotten the "credit-" they "-supposedly" wanted
for "it"
The fag went on how ,"it would have been easy to make "it" spin anyway "THEY" wanted it to..."
K. could barely keep himself from 'spinning the faggot"
-any way HE wanted to
But
K. would .k. decided
SOON ENOUGH
spin the little faggot in ways the little faggot
wouldn't believe possible

1. Ludwig, K.A., et al., Chronic neural recordings using silicon microelectrode arrays electrochemically deposited with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) film. J Neural Eng, 2006.
2. Green, R.A., et al., Conducting polymers for neural interfaces: Challenges in developing an effective long-term implant. Biomaterials, 2008.