Reward and behavior. Behavior is motivated by reward. This term, reward, is defined as having behavioral effect without referring to any conscious experience as follows: A reward is a thing, experience, or brain manipulation that instigates and reinforces approach behavior.

White collar crimes are characterized by “deceit, concealment, or violation of trust and are not dependent upon the application or threat of physical force or violence. Such acts are committed by individuals and organizations to obtain personal or business advantage”

Health care fraud is a form of white collar crime that may be committed by health care providers, consumers, companies providing medical supplies or services, and health care organizations. There is a trend toward increased participation by organized crime groups in complex health care fraud schemes.2There are many different types of illegal and unethical schemes that constitute health care fraud. The common types of fraud committed by physicians include billing for services that were never rendered, providing unnecessary treatments or tests, upcoding (billing for a more expensive diagnosis or procedure), falsifying or exaggerating the severity of the medical illness to justify coding, and accepting kickbacks for referral.