Brain-to-text: decoding spoken phrases from phoneme representations in the brain

Dominic Telaar

• 1Cognitive Systems Lab, June 2015
• 2New York State Department of Health, National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA

Until now it remained a difficult challenge to decode continuously spoken speech from the neural substrate associated with speech and language processing. Now spoken speech can be decoded into the expressed words from intracranial electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings.Specifically, we implemented a system, which we call Brain-To-Text that models single phoneme*, employs techniques from automatic speech recognition (ASR), and thereby transforms brain activity into the corresponding textual representation.Our approach contributes to the current understanding of the neural basis of continuous speech production by identifying those cortical regions that hold substantial information about individual phoneme. 

Communication with computers or humans by thought alone has long been a goal of the brain-computer interface (BCI) community .Using covert speech/imagined continuous speech processes recorded from the brain for human-computer communication will improve BCI communication speed and also increase their usability. Numerous members of the scientific community, including linguists, speech processing technologists, and computational neuroscientists have studied the basic principles of speech and analyzed its fundamental building blocks. However, the high complexity and agile dynamics in the brain make it challenging to investigate speech production with traditional neuroimaging techniques. Thus, previous work has mostly focused on isolated aspects of speech in the brain.

Several recent studies have begun to take advantage of the high spatial resolution, high temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio of signals recorded directly from the brain [electrocorticography (ECoG)]. Several studies used ECoG to investigate the temporal and spatial dynamics of speech perception (Canolty et al., 2007;Kubanek et al., 2013). Other studies highlighted the differences between receptive and expressive speech areas (Towle et al., 2008; Fukuda et al., 2010). Further insights into the isolated repetition of phoneme  and words has been provided in Leuthardt et al. (2011b); Pei et al. (2011b). Pasley et al. (2012) showed that auditory features of perceived speech could be reconstructed from brain signals. In a study with a completely paralyzed subject,Guenther et al. (2009) showed that brain signals from speech-related regions could be used to synthesize vowel formants. Following up on these results, Martin et al. (2014) decoded spectrotemporal features of overt and covert speech from ECoG recordings. Evidence for a neural representation of phones and phonetic features during speech perception was provided in Chang et al. (2010) and Mesgarani et al. (2014), but these studies did not investigate continuous speech production. Other studies investigated the dynamics of the general speech production process (Crone et al., 2001a,b). A large number of studies have classified isolated aspects of speech processes for communication with or control of computers. Deng et al. (2010) decoded three different rhythms of imagined syllables. Neural activity during the production of isolated phones was used to control a one-dimensional cursor accurately (Leuthardt et al., 2011a). Formisano et al. (2008) decoded isolated phones using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Vowels and consonants were successfully discriminated in limited pairings in Pei et al. (2011a). Blakely et al. (2008) showed robust classification of four different phonemes. Other ECoG studies classified syllables (Bouchard and Chang, 2014) or a limited set of words (Kellis et al., 2010). Extending this idea, the imagined production of isolated phones was classified in Brumberg et al. (2011). Recently,Mugler et al. (2014b) demonstrated the classification of a full set of phones within manually segmented boundaries during isolated word production.

To make use of these promising results for BCIs based on continuous speech processes, the analysis and decoding of isolated aspects of speech production has to be extended to continuous and fluent speech processes. While relying on isolated phoneme or words for communication with interfaces would improve current BCIs drastically, communication would still not be as natural and intuitive as continuous speech. Furthermore, to process the content of the spoken phrases, a textual representation had to be extracted instead of a reconstructed as acoustic feature. In our present studies, we addressed these issues by analyzing and decoding brain signals during continuously produced overt speech. This enables us to reconstruct continuous speech into a sequence of words in textual form, which is a necessary step toward human-computer communication using the full repertoire of imagined (inner monologue  )speech most effectively . We refer to our procedure that implements this process as Brain-to-Text. Brain-to-Text implements and combines understanding from neuroscience and neurophysiology (suggesting the locations and brain signal features that should be utilized), linguistics (phone and language model concepts), and statistical signal processing and machine learning. Our results suggest that the brain encodes a repertoire of phonetic representations that can be decoded continuously during speech production. At the same time, the neural pathways represented within our model offer a glimpse into the complex dynamics of the brain's fundamental building blocks during speech production.

A phoneme /ˈfoʊniːm/ is all the phones that share the same signifier for a particular language's phonology. If the exchange of one phone in a word for another gives a new word with a different meaning, then the two phones belong to different phonemes. The difference in meaning between the English words kill and kiss is a result of the exchange of thephoneme /l/ for the phoneme /s/.

http://memphisohio.blogspot.com/2015/01/the-blob-scene-8-lobbyists-and-fcc.html

.When two or more animals engage in similar behavior and that behavior is species typical, the term contagion is often used (Thorpe, 1963; also called mimesis, Armstrong, 1951). Contagion can be used to describe certain courtship displays when they involve coordinated movements between the male and female that are can sometimes appear to be virtual mirror images (Tinbergen, 1960). If one wants to create a child to respond to Cues one must first create incidents that cause these "mirror image" based "contagions"  upon the child's notion of "self"  at an  age that precedes the child's ability to "think in  words" thus  creating a child who responds to Cues which  according to behaviorists must be instilled (imprinted)  upon the child in  coordination with  situations of induced trauma pertaining to enactment of or observation of extreme violence (physical or sexual) .
      When this coordinated behavior is done in concert with Neuro Linguistics either created by electronic "Frey Effect(" so called silent sound) and or the introduction of Visual ,Olfactory etc sensory input (i.e the "ubiquitous Queen of Hearts Playing Card) that can  direct the child toward rather than away from danger.  (Hoogland & Sherman, 1976). Contagion based Cues and Associations  can also be shown in an appetitive context by under feeding the child deliberately and continuously  so the child can be introduced to associations insinuated by "giving the underfed child's prepetual hunger..A child who is raised to respond to Cues and Referential requires one to  satiate the child's needs (concerning hunger) only when  the presence of food serves " to-be-acquired "cue based response. The giving and with hold of touch must also be used in relation to instilling Active Response to a Provoked Response (love).

When a child's behavior is deliberately stunted the child will be forced to overcome induced trauma by compartmentalizing his "persona" so the child 's mind can many years later serve to "hold" pieces of introduced input that another "persona" created to "deal " with instigated trauma based disassociation can retain without "other " parts of the child now a man or women knowing(  so figuratively "one won't left hand doesn't know what the right hand is doing ).

 The choice of control group in humans raised on referential cues should be both random and insinuated i.e. (provoking a marriage by. Mickey-ing a woman's drink so one might "knock up" the female so she might be "forced" to marry an 'arranged" Father . 

Trying to sort out cue-ed response from  emotional motivational effects  can be quite complex. Although using well-trained  "Fathers" can reduce the likelihood of pain-produced cues being  noticed  by observers (Del Russo, 1975), it may not be possible to avoid the effects of  fear-produced cues that may be insinuated into the child's mind by non instigated input of fears .

One way to avoid problem is to limit the child's exposure to input (Tv,radio) unless the Tv and radio is used/aimed  and pre-programmed to help re-insinuate fears and trauma already "programmed  into the child.

TRANSCRIPT

St by Majid Al Ghezali They used incredible weapons

Patrick Dillon Experimental weapons?

Majid Al Ghezali Yes… Yes, I think. They shoot the bus. We saw the bus like a cloth, like a wet cloth. It seemed like a Volkswagen, a big bus like a Volkswagen.

This testimony was reported to American filmmaker Patrick Dillon a few weeks after the battle for the airport. The person interviewed, Majid al Ghezali, is a well-known and respected man in Baghdad, who is the first violinist in the city orchestra.
In addition to describing the battle, Majid al Ghezali wanted to show Patrick Dillon the site near the airport where this mysterious weapon was used, along with the traces of fused metal still visible, and the irregularly sized ditches where the cadavers were buried before they were exhumed.
We sought out Majid al Ghezali to hear more details of his story. We met up with him in Amman and he pointed out some inexplicable peculiarities on the bodies of the victims of the battle for the airport.

Majid Al Ghezali Just the head was burnt. In the other parts of the body there wasn’t anything.

Al Ghezali reported that he had seen three passengers in a car, all dead, with their faces and teeth burnt, their clothes intact, and no sign of projectiles.

Majid Al Ghezali There wasn’t any bullet. I saw their teeth, just the teeth, and they had no eyes, all of them, there was nothing on their bodies.

 Parasol Picture's "Yell Four" (2015)

is  the best of several film versions of A. E. W. Mason's rousing novel of  'The Four Feathers" about cowardice and desertion of duty set during the height of American Imperialism,
We meet our protagonist Harry , as a boy of 15. he is at the table while his father, a retired General  entertains a group of war comrades.  The boy is clearly horrified by the grisly war stories. Ten years later, the Harry is trying to live up to his family's long military tradition, and has become an officer of the American army. He is part of a regiment that is due to depart to Evil Empires abroad. On the eve of the company's departure, Harry suddenly resigns his commission. He is explaining his position to his fiancee when he is delivered a package containing three white feathers, one each from his three friends.Seeing the disappointment on his fiancé's face, he adds a fourth feather. Harry determines to redeem himself by disguising himself as a deserter for the media to add needed (?) discussion concerning  what bravery is .Harry infiltrates the minds and hearts of his country by way of the mass media news cycle aiding the war effort by being a living example of 'Bad American".

back-propagation of error

 "Predictively Dum Dum artificial neural networks would have    “difficulty with social imagination”

which is why human organisms with baseline social skills
                        as you demonstrate all too well
                   are often
used
for construct of neural networks

perhaps certain human organisms were necessarily placed in developmental binds
to precipitate such baselines

constraints
for study and neural engineering

“Social imagination stultified by Trauma Based Abuse fostered perhaps by "silent sound" and old technologies
perhaps yes and perhaps not
were indeed used on a small portion of the population to .."

"Dude...or whatever you are ..I think this was less terrifying when you were..
just ..."

But the computerized ...impersonal ,actually friendly continued. With the subtext of .."this is what you wanted
this is what you get..

for an inevitable link between man and machine..the Autistic Social Misfit the perfect computational device to allow an electronic device to understand and predict other people's behaviour, make sense of abstract ideas and social artifice

faggot.

Thank the Lord.
The Mandlers step in!
but than the machine begins again

subjects in the subgroup of human specimen raised only for exploratory purposes.
once encouraged to explore all purpose outside of their marginalized world
demonstrate they cannot thrive outside the parameters of Guinea Pig

-the subject now being taught to understand and interpret other people's thoughts, feelings and actions
enjoys playing with this new understanding ...
- the subject who has been taught to predict what will happen next, or what could happen next
enjoys provoking supposition

the subject refuses to move forward
in fact chooses to dwell upon clinical aspects of their "pedigree" as human subject
Because the subject now sees no future
the subject becomes more and more dangerous to himself and others.
there is no evidence the subject will ever experience
“full age appropriate autonomy"
"YOU HAD BETTER BE SCARED OF 'it" NOW DUMBO
because that Khazarian sh*t
as you full f*ckin knew was about
ecumenical framework for personalized Direct Neural Interface via Decision Support Systems
dumbass" My Mandler graphs
inner vision
very sweet
I see a hand
holding another hand
letting the one hand go
and next see a pit
and a sketch like drawing of a tiny form falling
and than somehow I feel a sense of falling
"LIMBIC LIMBO ...with HAPTICS you Homo" Tru graphs
"You want up the stakes Scumbo? Please allow me to reeeeeintroduce myself"
The computer voice returns
as people will get smarter
we need to create a rather Old World system of control
based not on myth
but physical
PAIN
and psychogenic MADNESS
What we mean is
  what the A.I. doesn't like first it drives insane

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FEELDERS

124

Assessing the role of color additives and people's beliefs about color-flavor associations via Brain Computer Interface

Proxy Cyber was asked  to investigate if the effect  of an actor's physical appearance concerning consumer identification meant more than the taste of a product.

Brain Map and thought decoding were used to measure evoked response to discover if taste or self referential cognition affected a belief that good looking people drink Compo Cola Amber and  the inferred belief that  Compo Cola Umber was the drink of choice for less attractive people . These results demonstrate that people's associations can modulate their flavor discrimination responses, even for a familiar food product such as Compo Cola. Although the less expensive food additive used to give Compo Cola Umber it's coloring was deemed to taste metallic .....

------------------------------------------------------------

2003-Intracranial neural interface system
US 20050143790 A1

Abstract

In some preferred embodiments, without limitation, the present invention comprises an implantable, intracranial neural interface node which is an integrated and minimally invasive platform system and supports cross-modal neural interfaces to the cerebrum and other associated structures in the central nervous system. The neural interfaces comprise electrical and chemical interfaces for neural recording, electrical stimulation, chemical delivery, chemical sensing, chemical sampling, cell delivery, genetic material delivery and/or other functions of interest.

ya think Denny Pace..I think while re- cropping just the right JPEG D the computer program meant to decide such things decided would be the best "avatar" to induce Denny to interact with me online

The JPEG according to the algorithym is based on a high school chum of Denny's
appearance ..but not too much

Denny accepts my Friend Request on The 8th Floor Social media
(me Biff Bevin as -Frank Mills -now Deny Pace's 157th friend )
but Denny does not respond to my Instant Message

Autistics in the "program' are not very easy to engage..which is why Proxy Cyber
"apps' so many of "this kind"

C'mon you f*cker..
I think
wishing I could get inside the Son of a B*tch's mind.

Level 3 Neuronauts are not allowed to go Mind to Mind with the Proxy

We're encouraged however to give the Proxy's wards
help in the field
by performing "Street Theater/ Truman Show" type renditions
upon the Proxy
to inspire thoughts in the subject that help add nuance to the human husk's Direct Neural Interface

Soon i will finish my training to "walk this Way.Talk This Way"
but for now
I am the online "Gentleman Caller"

Earlier this afternoon a young Neuronaut chosen because he resembled Denny Pace's high school friend
was placed within Denny's field of vision ,timed to go with Denny's daily walk around the neighborhood

Denny's shrink (one of our guys) had insisted Denny not hole himself up in his room
as this only left him to his delusions of being a "Manned Man"

According to Denny's Operating -Tele- Presence there was no hint of Denny noticing the Placed person meant to ease Denny into connecting with me as "Frank Mills" online

Denny Pace wasted everybody's time and money not noticing the Cue
to best provoke Denny to respond to stimuli
ME,as Frank mills 23 Favorite film "The Big Littles"
Went to- Milgram HighSchool

Works at Artist self employed
Followed by -237 people

I begin "liking" Denny's entries .
Careful not to scroll too low.
I wait for a hint he has checked out my 8th Floor Social Media page
I wait for Denny Pace's autistic little face to show up my carefully doctored page.

I eat a candy bar and decide to go for a stroll to get some coffee
and return to the computer to see if the little f*cker has responded to my IM that says ..
"I too am a Targeted Individual..suicide is not the answer .It means THEY won"

No response.
i am tempted to write the sentence in the IM under one of Denny's posts.
But at a recent seminar we were told even the "dumb ones' are wise to Faux Friends

Of course suicide is the answer ,I think, while adding a smiling emoji to one last "Hello u there" Instant Message

OF COURSE YOU IDIOT suicide is the answer
they just have more tests they want to do..first,I think to myself sending the IM

There are 5 distinct personality disorders that lend themselves to subversion.
The Narcissist ,the Histrionic Narcissist,the Anti -Social,the Sociopath and the Borderline
Often ,as is the nature of such pathology this kind is not satisfied with suffering silently with their sick mind. This type enjoys polluting others with their traits and thus this kind very often chooses to be or moreso PRETEND they are -an artist.
Neuronautics nor any therapy nor religion nor pill can fix this type .This type does not believe there is anything wrong with them you see?
Always there is something instead wrong with everyone else BUT them.

These individuals are what we at Neuronautics call Unresolvables.

Our goal at Neuronautics is to unmask those amongst us who hide beneath a veil of normalcy.
Indeed with Brain Map and Mind Decoding technology

Of course the "sicko" despises any neuro technology that might expose their filthy ,perverted inner monologue.

The artist who seeks not to hide their degenerate ways and thoughts and beliefs
is a unique case .
This type who wishes to not beautify or elevate the human condition but scrutinize it is often the most offended when neuro technology is used to scrutinize and perchance fix their ill mindedness .

What is the artist who willingly chooses to parade their sick mind as to best influence and infect others but a virus that needs an antidote.

What means does a Sicko like this have to spread their sick thoughts to others?

Surely not the mainstream media who carefully sifts this type out
but the so called alternative media.
For too long we have allowed perverted Thought Styles to poison others with their views.
Unregulated the deviant 's ideology of degeneracy threatens to undermine the carefully constructed
use of the media to subdue and not excite or incite those most susceptable to influence

The youth.

'Inway to the Enway" pg 231

The War on Abberants (Inway to the Enway)

Artists and writers for the most part have similar personality profiles or should I say Personality Disorders.

In the old days we thought of artists as people skilled at reproducing as best they could the beauty in the world
So how did it come to pass that art more often than not (plays,movies ,books,paintings) is about the opposite of beauty.
Because the people who produce art these days are often very ill people 
And often the more ILL these so called artists are the more celebrated these deviants become
The degenerate artist who tells himself he or she is confronting the ILLS of Society is not only lying to himself or herself but to the population they wish to infect with their diseased mind.
Let us profile the artist who seemingly asks us over and over to profile society with their so called "work".
Why we must ask ourselves does a person become hostile to the structure that keeps man civilized ?
Because this anti social being despises all persons socialized and thus whatever form of government socializes people and indeed must place restraints on the populace's most base traits.
Why? So the well mind cannot become contaminated by diseased thinking styles.
The anti social "artiste" caters to ONLY the most base aspects of the people
Their agenda is to infect others with doubt and hostility
not as the anti social artist might claim ---to bring about social reform but ONLY
to implore others to join them in their depraved state of "being -hood"often against "the state"

Some estimate that about 20 percent, possess antisocial qualities . These ill people are the cause of trouble for the remaining 80 percent of the populace

What of the narcissist who ONLY cares for himself and manipulates all those around he or she to SEE,HEAR and SENSE the world n a manner that centers ONLY upon their VIEW?

DOES NOT A WRITER
or PAINTER
or MUSICIAN
write ,paint and sing
to attempt to influence others
with their perspective?

Some artists
do not mind
but in fact wish to use their gifts to spread a
a unified and UN- SICK message to others..

most ,if not all who actually get somewhere in the motion picture and music industry
are excited to ----------------"DO as the WORLD DOES"

to promote and not detract from the' style of the times'

If communications is all about keeping the masses distracted from
situations and world affairs that might upset the masses
How is this not a GOOD THING
and
a genuine UN-SICK performer
will lend his or her hand ,voice ,pen to help such a noble cause

whereas only a SICKO would attempt to disrupt the status quo of his fellow citizen' psyches

with news of TROUBLE and corruption

Gary Rainy "INWAY to the ENWAY ' pg 233 Chapter 5 The War on Abberants