As far back as the 70s, surgeons snaked recording devices up through the neck and into major arteries and veins in order to record brain activity without harming the neural tissue. The devices were so large, however, that they could only fit into the most capacious blood vessels, and they wouldn’t work at all in small animals like rodents. Turning such endovascular recording into a viable tool for science and medicine required something much, much smaller.

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